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近日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《极速快三全面加强和改进新时代学校美育工作的意见》(以下简称《意见》),就全面贯彻党的教育方针,加强和改进新时代学校美育工作进行了系统设计和全面部署。教育部有关负责人就相关问题回答了记者提问。
1.问: 请介绍一下《意见》出台的背景。
da: meiyushidangdejiaoyufangzhendezhongyaozuchengbufen。xuexiaomeiyugongzuoshilideshuren、peigenzhuhundeshiye。dangdeshibadayilai,yijisukuaisantongzhiweihexindedangzhongyanggaoduzhongshixuexiaomeiyugongzuo,baxuexiaomeiyugongzuobaizaigengjiatuchuweizhi,zuochuyixiliezhongdajuecebushu。2013niandangdeshibajiesanzhongquanhuitichu“gaijinmeiyujiaoxue,tigaoxueshengshenmeiherenwensuyang”,2015nianguowuyuanbangongtingyinfa《jisukuaisanquanmianjiaqianghegaijinxuexiaomeiyugongzuodeyijian》,2018nian8yuejisukuaisanzongshujijizhongyangmeiyuan8weilaojiaoshouhuixin,2018nian9yuejisukuaisanzongshujizaiquanguojiaoyudahuishangduimeiyugongzuozuochuzhongyaozhishi,2019nian3yuequanguo“lianghui”qijian,jisukuaisanzongshujikanwangwenyijieshekejieweiyuanshi,duiwenhuawenyigongzuoyoutichumingqueyaoqiu,2020nian9yue22ri,jisukuaisanzongshujizaijiaoyuwenhuaweishengtiyulingyuzhuanjiadaibiaozuotanhuishang,zaiciqiangdiaojiaqianghegaijinxuexiaomeiyu。xuexiaomeiyubixubuduanzengqiangyijisukuaisanxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyisixiangweizhidao,tishengsixiangzijue、zhengzhizijue、xingdongzijue,yudangzhongyangguowuyuandeyaoqiutongxiangtongxing,yutuijinsuzhijiaoyudeyaoqiutongxiangtongxing,yuxueshengquanmianfazhandepoqieyaoqiutongxiangtongxing。
jiyushangshubeijing,《yijian》chutai,zhuyaoshishixianyixialianggefangmiandemude:
yishijiaqiangdingcengsheji,yijisukuaisanxinshidaizhongguoteseshehuizhuyisixiangtonglingxuexiaomeiyugaigefazhan。duibiaojisukuaisanzongshujizhongyaojianghuahequanguojiaoyudahuijingshen,conggenggaozhanweichufa,duixuexiaomeiyugongzuojinxingzairenshi、zaishenhua、zaisheji、zaituijin,jinyibuqianghuaxuexiaomeiyuyurengongneng,goujiandezhitimeilaoquanmianpeiyangdejiaoyutixi。mingquexinshidaixuexiaomeiyuweishenmezuo、zuoshenme、zenmezuo,jinyibutuxianmeiyudejiazhigongneng,jinyibuwanshanmeiyudexitongsheji,jinyibutuozhanmeiyudeshishilujing,jinyibuqianghuameiyudejisukuaisanbaozhang。
极速快三 ershijujiaotuchuwenti,mingquegaigefazhandezhongdianrenwu,tuijinxinshidaixuexiaomeiyumaishangxintaijie。dangdeshibadayilai,xuexiaomeiyushixianlekuayueshifazhan,qudelelishixingchengjiu。danzongtishangkan,meiyurengranshizhenggejiaoyushiyezhongdeboruohuanjie,xuexiaomeiyuzaigaigefazhanzhongbiaoxianchulesangebushiying: xuexiaomeiyuyusuzhijiaoyudeyaoqiuhaibuxiangshiying;yutuijinjiaoyuxiandaihuadeyaoqiuhaibuxiangshiying;yuquanmianshixianxiaokangshehuihelianggebainianmubiaohaibuxiangshiying。yinci,xuyaozhaozhuntupokouheluojiaodian,lizhengzaikechengjiaoxue、jiaoshiduiwu、tiaojiangaishan、pingjiajizhidengfangmianxianyougongzuodejichushang,tichujinyibudegaigejucuo。
2.问: 如何准确把握《意见》对新时代学校美育工作的总体要求。
da: 《yijian》duixinshidaixuexiaomeiyugongzuodezongtiyaoqiuzhuyaotixianzaiyixiasigefangmian:
极速快三 yishiqiangdiaozhongyaoyiyi。qiangdiaomeishichunjiedaode、fengfujingshendezhongyaoyuanquan,congshenmeijiaoyu、qingcaojiaoyu、xinlingjiaoyu、fengfuxiangxianglihepeiyangchuangxinyishidejiaoyusigeweidujinyibuqiangdiaomeiyudejiazhigongneng。
ershimingquezhidaosixiang。mingqueyilideshurenweigenben,yishehuizhuyihexinjiazhiguanweiyinling,yitigaoxueshengshenmeiherenwensuyangweimubiao,hongyangzhonghuameiyujingshen,yimeiyuren、yimeihuaren、yimeipeiyuan,bameiyunaruxuexiaorencaipeiyangquanguocheng,guanchuanxuexiaojiaoyugexueduan。
sanshiqueligongzuoyuanze。《yijian》quelilemeiyugongzuojianchisanxiangyuanze: “jianchizhengquefangxiang”——yinlingxueshengshulizhengquedelishiguan、minzuguan、guojiaguan、wenhuaguan,taoyegaoshangqingcao,suzaomeihaoxinling,zengqiangwenhuazixin。“jianchimianxiangquanti”——jianquanmianxiangrenrendexuexiaomeiyuyurenjizhi,suoxiaochengxiangchajuhexiaojichaju,rangsuoyouzaixiaoxueshengdouxiangyoujieshoumeiyudejihui。“jianchigaigechuangxin”——quanmianshenhuaxuexiaomeiyuzonghegaige,xingchengchongmanhuoli、duofangxiezuo、kaifanggaoxiaodexuexiaomeiyuxingeju。
sishiquedingzhuyaomubiao。anzhao2022nianhe2035nianlianggezhongyaoshijianjiediantichumubiaoyaoqiu。dao2022nian,xuexiaomeiyuqudetupoxingjinzhan,yurenchengxiaoxianzhuzengqiang。dao2035nianjibenshixianshehuizhuyixiandaihuashi,xuexiaomeiyujibenxingchengquanfugai、duoyanghua、gaozhiliangdejuyouzhongguotesedexiandaihuaxuexiaomeiyutixi。
3.问: 《意见》提到了融合的理念,具体到学校美育课程上如何实施,有哪些相应的举措。
极速快三 da: jiaqiangmeiyudeshentouyuronghe,xuexiaomeiyukechengjiansheshizhongdian。《yijian》jinjinzhuazhukechengzheiyiguanjianyaosuhehuanjie,zaisigefangmiantichushishigouxiang:
yishixuekeronghe,jiaqiangmeiyuyudeyu、zhiyu、tiyu、laodongjiaoyuxiangronghe,chongfenwajuegexuekesuoyunhandefengfumeiyuziyuan,youjizhenghexiangguanxuekedemeiyuneirong,tuijinkechengjiaoxue、shehuishijianhexiaoyuanwenhuajiansheshenduronghe,xingchengxietongyurengeju。
极速快三 ershixueduanxianjie,wanshanmeiyukechengshezhi,qiangdiaoxuexiaomeiyukechengyaoyiyishukechengweizhuti,baokuoyinle、meishu、shufa、wudao、xiju、xiqu、yingshidengkecheng,fenxueduanyoucezhongdiguihuameiyukechengshezhi,xianghuhuying、youxiaopeihe,goujiandazhongxiaoyouxianghuxianjiedemeiyukechengtixi。
极速快三 sanshimubiaozhenghe,tuxianyishuxuekejiazhiyutedian,mingquemeiyukechengyaopeiyangdehexinsuyang,zhuzhongzhengquejiazhiguan、bibeipingeheguanjiannenglidengduoweiyurenmubiaodezhenghe,yulideshurendezongtiyaoqiuyouxiaoduijie,mingquexueqianjiaoyu、yiwujiaoyu、putonggaozhong、zhiyejiaoyu、gaodengjiaoyudenggejigeleixuexiaomeiyukechengdemubiao。
sishijiaocaiguantong,jiaqiangmeiyujiaocaitixijianshe,jianchimakesizhuyizhidaodiwei,zhagenzhongguo、rongtongzhongwai,tuxianzhonghuameiyujingshen,weiraokechengmubiao,jingxuanjiaoxuesucai,fengfujiaoxueziyuan,jiaqiangdazhongxiaoxuemeiyujiaocaiyitihuajianshe,shixianzhuxianguanchuan、xunxujianjin。
4.问: 《意见》在深化教学改革方面,提出了哪些新举措。
da: 《yijian》weiraoxuexiaomeiyujiaoxue,tichuwugefangmiandejutigaigejucuo。
yishikaiqikaizushanghaomeiyuke。qiangdiaoyaoyangeluoshiguojiaguidingdemeiyukechengkaishegangxingyaoqiu,zailuoshi“kaiqikaizu”zheigedixianyaoqiudejichushangzhubushixian“shanghao”demubiao,buduantuokuankechenglingyu,zhubuzengjiakeshi,fengfukechengneirong,tigaomeiyujiaoxuezhiliang。
极速快三 ershigoujianyixueshengfazhanweizhongxindejiaoxuemoshi。zhubuwanshan“yishujichuzhishijibenjineng+yishushenmeitiyan+yishuzhuanxiangtezhang”dejiaoxuemoshi。qiangdiaozaixueshengzhangwobiyaojichuzhishihejibenjinengdejichushang,zhelitishenghexinsuyang,bangzhuxueshengxingchengyishuzhuanxiangtezhang。
sanshipujimianxiangrenrendemeiyushijianhuodong。mianxiangrenren,jianlichangtaihuaxueshengquanyuanyishuzhanyanjizhi,dalituiguanghuijiquantixueshengdehechang、hezou、jitiwu、kebenju、yishushijiangongzuofanghebowuguan、feiyizhanshichuanxichangsuotiyanxuexidengshijianhuodong。
sishituijinmeiyupingjiagaige。qiangdiaobazhongxiaoxueshengxuexiyinle、meishu、shufadengyishuleikechengyijicanyuxuexiaojisukuaisandeyishushijianhuodongqingkuangnaruxueyeyaoqiu,quanmianshishizhongxiaoxueshengyishusuzhiceping,tansuojiangyishuleikemunaruzhongkaogaigeshidian。
wushicujingaoxiaoyishuxuekechuangxinfazhan。qiangdiaojinyibuyouhuaxuekezhuanyebuju,goujianduoyuanhua、tesehua、gaoshuiping,juyouzhongguotesedeyishuxuekezhuanyetixi,tigaoyishurencaipeiyangnengli。
5.问: 把中小学生学习音乐、美术、书法等艺术类课程以及参与学校极速快三的艺术实践活动情况纳入学业要求,这样做会不会增加学生负担?
极速快三 da: jisukuaisanzheigewenti,xuyaobianzhengdikan。
shouxian,yishuleikechengxuexijishijianshixueshengyinggaichengdandexueyezeren,shibuyinggaibeijianxialaidefudan。guojiabanbude《yiwujiaoyuyinlekechengbiaozhun》《yiwujiaoyumeishukechengbiaozhun》《yiwujiaoyuyishukechengbiaozhun》《putonggaozhongyinlekechengbiaozhun》《putonggaozhongmeishukechengbiaozhun》《putonggaozhongyishukechengbiaozhun》duizhongxiaoxueshengyishuleikechengxuexiyouzhemingquedexueyeyaoqiu,shixueshengbixuyaochengdandexueyezeren。
极速快三 qici,yishuleikechengxuexijishijiannaruxueyeyaoqiu,youzhuyuxueshengdezhitimeilaoquanmianfazhan。yixiedifanghexuexiaozhongzhiyuqingtiyu、meiyu、laodongjiaoyu,pianmianzhuiqiushengxuelv,gaotihaizhanshu、jixieshuati、chaobiaochaoqianjiaoxuedeng,zaochengxueshengguozhongfudan。yingzaoshengdonghuopodexuexifenwei,cujinxueshengshenxinjiankang、quanmianfazhan,qiaqiaxuyaojiaqiangyishuleikechengxuexijishijian,niuzhuanpianmianzhuiqiushengxuelvdecuowuzuofa。
zuihou,zhengceqiangdiaoxuexiaozerenluoshi,bimianpeixunjigougonglihuadechaozuo。wenjianjiangyishufangmiandexueyeyaoqiuyangexiandingyucanjiaguojiaguidingdeyinle、meishu、shufadengyishuleikechengxuexi,yijicanjiaxuexiaojisukuaisandeyishushijianhuodong,“kao”dedoushixuexiao“jiao”deneirong,xueshenganzhaoyaoqiuzhengchangcanjiaxuexiaoyishuleikechengjiyishushijianhuodong,jiukeyiwanchengxueyeyaoqiu,yuxiaowaipeixunneirongwuguan。
6.问: 《意见》对加强美育师资队伍建设,提出了哪些新措施?
da: zongtikan,xuexiaomeiyudeshizililiangchixuzengzhang。julilaishuo,quanguoyiwujiaoyujieduanmeiyujiaoshirenshuyou2009niande49wanrenzengjiadao2019niande74.8wanren。shiniangongzengjia25.8wan,qizhong2015nian《guowuyuanbangongtingjisukuaisanquanmianjiaqianghegaijinxuexiaomeiyugongzuodeyijian》xiafasinianlai,meiyujiaoshijiuzengjiale14.9wanren。dancongziyuanpeizhishangkan,meiyushiziduiwurengranqueejiaoda,zhuanzhimeiyujiaoshifenbubujunheng,jiaqiangshiziduiwujianshe,rengranshixinshidaixuexiaomeiyugongzuodezhongzhongzhizhong。zaizheifangmian,《yijian》zhenduimuqiancunzaidewenticongsangefangmiantichuruogancuoshi:
yishiqianghuabuchong,zhenduixuexiaomeiyujiaoshibuchonglidubuqiangdewenti,《yijian》mingqueyaoqiuweipeiqidediqumeinianyaohuachuyidingbiliyongyuzhaopinmeiyujiaoshi,youtiaojiandedifangkeyitongguogoumaifuwufangshi,yuxiangguanzhuanyejigoudengshehuililianghezuo,xiangzhongxiaoxuetigongmeiyujiaoyujiaoxuefuwu,huanjieshizibuzuwenti。
极速快三 ershitigaozhiliang,zhenduiboruoxuexiaomeiyujiaoshishuliangbuzu、zhiliangbugaodewenti,《yijian》yaoqiugediyaojiaqiangxiangcunxuexiaomeiyujiaoshipeiyang,tichutuidongshishiyishujiaoyuzhuanyedaxueshengzhijiaojihua,jisukuaisanmeiyujinrunxingdongjihua。quanmiantigaomeiyujiaoshisixiangzhengzhisuzhi、jiaoxuesuzhi、yurennenglihezhiyedaodeshuiping。
极速快三 sanshijiadajili,zhenduixuexiaomeiyujiaoshijilizhengcebudaoweidewenti,《yijian》mingquetichuyouhuameiyujiaoshigangweijiegou,changtongmeiyujiaoshidezhiyefazhantongdao。jiangmeiyujiaoshichengdanxuexiaoanpaideyishushetuanzhidao,kewaihuodong、kehoufuwudengdierketangzhidaohezoujiaorenwujirugongzuoliang。
7. 问: 《意见》强调要统筹整合社会资源,请问在这方面提出了哪些实招。
da: xuexiaomeiyushejixuexiao、shehuifangfangmianmian。shijianzhengming,tuijinxuexiaomeiyudegaigefazhan,xuyaotongchouzhenghegefangziyuan,xingchengyimeiyurendeheli。《yijian》jiadasangefangmiandetongchouzhenghelidu:
极速快三 yishitongchouzhenghejiaoshiziyuan。tichuyoutiaojiandediqukeyitongguogoumaifuwufangshi,yuxiangguanzhuanyejigoudengshehuililianghezuo。guliyouxiuwenyigongzuozhedengrenshidaoxuexiaojianrenmeiyujiaoshi。tuidongshishiyishujiaoyuzhuanyedaxueshengzhijiaojihua。
ershitongchouzhenghejiaoxueziyuan。tichutuidongjibengonggongwenhuafuwuxiangmuweixuexiaomeiyujiaoxuefuwu。xinjianwenhuayishuxiangmuyouxianjianzaixuexiaohuoqizhoubian。gulixuexiaoyushehuigonggongwenhuayishuchangguan、wenyiyuantuanhezuokaishemeiyukecheng。zhenghexiaonei、xiaowaiziyuanjisukuaisanmeiyushijianhuodong。
sanshitongchouzhenghechangguanziyuan。tichuyoutiaojiandedifanghexuexiaomeinianjisukuaisanxueshengxianchangcanguan1cimeishuguan、shufaguan、bowuguan。chongfenwajuexuexiaoyishuchangguandeshehuifuwugongneng,guliyoutiaojiandexuexiaojiangyishuchangguanxiangshehuiyouxukaifang。
8.问: 下一步如何保证《意见》的目标、任务和措施落到实处?
da: 《yijian》tichugediyaoyanjiuluoshijiaqianghegaijinxinshidaixuexiaomeiyugongzuodejuticuoshi,jieheshijizhidingshishixuexiaomeiyujiaoshipeibeihechangdiqicaijianshesannianxingdongjihua。jiaoyubujiangbatuidong《yijian》luodiluoshi,quanmianjiaqianghegaijinxuexiaomeiyugongzuozuoweijinhouyiduanshiqineidezhongdiangongzuolaizhua。
yishiqianghuajisukuaisanlingdao。difanggejidangweihezhengfuyaobaxuexiaomeiyugongzuonaruzhongyaoyishiricheng,narudifangjingjishehuifazhanguihua,jiaqiangduibendiquxuexiaomeiyugaigefazhandezongtimouhua。gediyaojianquantongchouxiediaojizhi,diaozhengyouhuajiaoyuzhichujiegou,wanshantourujizhi,tuidongluoshihaogexianggaigecuoshi。
极速快三 ershixihuazhidujianshe。yanjiuzhidingguifanxuexiaomeiyugongzuodefagui,weituidongxuexiaomeiyufazhantigongyoulifazhibaozhang。jianquanjiaoyududaopingjiazhidu,wanshanguojiayiwujiaoyumeiyuzhiliangjiance。jiaqiangduidifangzhidingshishixuexiaomeiyudexiangguanzhengcehejihuadezhidaohezhichi。
sanshijiaqiangxuanchuanyindao。tongguoduozhongfangshijiaqiangzhengcejiedu,jishixuanchuanbaodaogedijiaqianggaijinxuexiaomeiyugongzuodejuticuoshi、dianxingjingyan,ningjugongshi,yingzaoquanshehuigongtongcujinxuexiaomeiyufazhandelianghaoshehuifenwei。